Data type in Python-Lecture 2

int data type:

We can use int data type to represent whole numbers (integral values)

Eg:

a=10

type(a) #int

Note:

In Python2, we have long data type to represent very large integral values. But in Python3 there is no long type explicitly and we can represent long values also by using int type only.

We can represent int values in the following ways

1. Decimal form

2. Binary form

3. Octal form

4. Hexadecimal form

1. Decimal form(base-10):

It is the default number system in Python. The allowed digits are: 0 to 9

Eg: a =10

2. Binary form(Base-2):

The allowed digits are: 0 & 1 Literal value should be prefixed with 0b or 0B

Eg: 

a = 0B1111 

a =0B123 

a=b111

3. Octal Form(Base-8):

The allowed digits are: 0 to 7 Literal value should be prefixed with 0o or 0O.

Eg: 

a=0o123

a=0o786

4. Hexa Decimal Form(Base-16):

The allowed digits are: 0 to 9, a-f (both lower and upper cases are allowed) Literal value should be prefixed with 0x or 0X

Eg: a =0XFACE a=0XBeef a =0XBeer

Note: Being a programmer we can specify literal values in decimal, binary, octal and hexa decimal forms. But PVM will always provide values only in decimal form.

a=10

b=0o10

c=0X10

d=0B10

print(a)10

print(b)8

print(c)16

print(d)2

Base Conversions

Python provide the following in-built functions for base conversions

1. bin():

We can use bin() to convert from any base to binary

Eg:

>>> bin(15)

'0b1111'

>>> bin(0o11)

'0b1001'

>>> bin(0X10)

'0b10000'

2. oct():

We can use oct() to convert from any base to octal

Eg:

>>> oct(10)

'0o12'

>>> oct(0B1111)

 '0o17'

 >>> oct(0X123)

'0o443'

3. hex():

We can use hex() to convert from any base to hexadecimal

Eg:

>>> hex(100)

'0x64'

>>> hex(0B111111)

'0x3f'

>>> hex(0o12345)

      '0x14e5'